FAQ ON E-WASTE
Section A: General Information
What is Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE)?
Under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, ‘Electrical and Electronic Equipment’ (EEE) means equipment which are dependent on electric current or electro-magnetic field in order to become functional and also the equipment for the generation, transfer and measurements of the electricity.
What is E-Waste?
E-Waste means electrical and electronic equipment, including solar photo-voltaic modules or panels or cells, whole or in part discarded as waste, as well as rejects from manufacturing, refurbishment and repair processes.
What is general composition of E-Waste?
E-waste contains useful material of economic benefit such as plastics, iron, glass, aluminum, copper, precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum, palladium and indium etc. and rare earth elements such as lanthanum, neodymium etc. and hazardous substances such as lead, cadmium, mercury etc. and other toxic substances such as polychlorinated bi-phenyls, etched chemicals, etc. The most complex mix of substances is usually present in the printed circuit boards (PCBs) / printed wiring boards (PWBs).
Whether E-Waste contains hazardous substances?
Yes, E-Waste contains hazardous substances such as Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium, Polychlorinated Bi-phenyls (PCBs), Brominated Flame Retardants (BFR), etc.
Can E-Waste pose problems to health and environment?
E-Waste can cause health risks and damage to environment if the E-Waste is opened-up and attempts are made for retrieval of useful components or material in an un-scientific manner or if the material is disposed in open. The electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) after their useful life may not cause any harm if stored safely in households/stores.
The electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) have valuable materials and hazardous/toxics substances in their components. E-Waste can be considered as a resource that contains useful material of economic benefit for recovery of plastics, iron, glass, aluminum, copper and precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum, and palladium and lead, cadmium, mercury etc. However, at the same time presence of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb etc.) and other toxic substances such as Polychlorinated Bi-phenyls (PCBs), etched chemicals, etc. may pose risk to health and environment during handling and recovery operations.
What regulation are applicable for the management of E-Waste in India?
The management of E-Waste in India is presently regulated under E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. Further the Rules are effective from 01-04-2023. Rules are available at CPCB’s website.
What is the overall objective of the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022?
The overall objective of E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 is to take all steps required to ensure that E-Waste is managed in a manner which shall protect health and environment against any adverse effects, which may result from such E-Waste.
What are the salient features of the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022?
• Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for producers for meeting recycling targets
• 106 EEEs under seven categories covered
• Focus on recycling-based targets
• Generation of EPR certificates on EPR Portal
• Purchase of EPR certificates from registered recyclers
• Encouraging reuse via refurbishing certificates
• Solar PV modules covered (storage till 2034–35)
• Environmental compensation for violations
• Quarterly and annual returns
• Audit of stakeholders
The E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 shall apply to whom?
The Rules shall apply to every Manufacturer, Producer, Recycler, Refurbisher and Dismantler involved in manufacture, sale, transfer, purchase, refurbishing, dismantling, recycling and processing of e-waste or EEE listed in Schedule-I.
Entities required to register at E-Waste EPR Portal?
(a) Manufacturer
(b) Producer
(c) Refurbisher
(d) Recycler
The E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 shall not apply to whom?
a) Waste batteries
b) Packaging plastics
c) Micro enterprises
d) Radio-active waste
What is Environmentally Sound Management of E-Waste?
Taking all steps required to ensure E-Waste is managed to protect health and environment.
What EEEs require EPR registration?
EEEs listed in Schedule-I including components, consumables, parts and spares.
Who is a Manufacturer?
Entity having facilities for manufacturing EEE as per Schedule-I.
Who is a Producer?
Any entity manufacturing, selling, branding or importing EEE including used EEE.
Who is a Refurbisher?
Entity repairing or assembling used EEE to extend working life.
Who is a Recycler?
Entity engaged in recycling and recovery of materials from E-Waste.
Can recyclers/refurbishers collect E-Waste from other states?
Yes, from anywhere in India.
Who is a Bulk Consumer?
Entity using at least 1,000 EEE units in a financial year.
What is Facility?
Location where collection, storage, segregation, refurbishing, recycling or disposal is carried out.
What is Historical E-Waste?
E-Waste generated from EEE available before rules came into force.
What are Orphaned Products?
Non-branded or products of closed companies.
What is RoHS?
Restriction of Hazardous Substances in EEE.
Hazardous substance limits?
0.1% (Pb, Hg, Cr, PBB, PBDE) and 0.01% (Cd).
Applicability of RoHS amendments (2023)?
Specified exemptions till 2025 and 2028 as per schedules.
Documents for RoHS compliance?
Self-declaration and technical documentation availability.
Are solar PV modules covered?
Yes, with storage obligations till 2034–35.
EPR & Registration
What is Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)?
Responsibility of producers to meet recycling targets via registered recyclers.
What is Producer Registration Certificate?
Permission issued by CPCB to meet EPR obligation.
Is producer registration mandatory?
Yes.
Do dismantlers need registration?
No.
Do bulk consumers need registration?
No.
Recycling targets for producers?
FY 2023–24 & 2024–25: 60%
FY 2025–26 & 2026–27: 70%
FY 2027–28 onwards: 80%
Used EEE imports: 100%
Responsibility of bulk consumers?
Hand over E-Waste only to registered entities.
Who can collect E-Waste?
Registered producers, recyclers, refurbishers.
